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KMID : 0382619910110010421
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Hanyang Journal of Medicine
1991 Volume.11 No. 1 p.421 ~ p.440
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A Study on the Changes of Rabbit´s Serum Protein, Lipids and its Lleactrophoretic Changes in Acute Paraquat Intoxication
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李垣兌/Lee, Won Tae
崔泰悅/金春元/Choi, Tae Yeal/Kim, Choon Won
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Abstract
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Paraquat, a bipyridylium quaternary ammonium compound, is the most toxic herbicide, producing multisystem organ failure and pulmonary fibrosis in fatal ingestions. After exposure by ingestion or by significant skin contact, toxic changes have been demonstrated in the lungs, kidneys, liver, heart, adrenals, central nervous system. skin, oral mucosa, and esophagus. In plants, paraquat disrupts photosynthesis by in hibiting the conversion of NADP to NADPH and by interfering with the electron transfer system. Although the human mechanism is unproven, a similar reduction in NADPH probably renders the cells more susceptible to attack by lipid hydroperoxide. This peroxidation converts molecular oxygen to superoxide radicals, hydroperoxy radicals, and hydrogen peroxide, which, in turn, disrupt cell structure and function. The mortality from intoxication has ranged from 30% to 70%, and the mortality as well as the organ damage correlates roughly with blood levels. In experimental and cinical studies of intexication, the main pathologic change is progressive pulmonary fibrosis, but the hapatic damage is still in controversy.
To evaluate the toxic effect of paraquat to the liver, thirty nornlal healthy adult male rabbits were devided into I TO V, and control groups. In group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and V, 20㎎/㎏, 40㎎/㎏, 30㎎/㎏, 150㎎/㎏, 300㎎/㎏, of the diluted paraquat solution was administrated directly into the stomach by using Foley Catheter No.18, respectively. The control group was administrated with sterile normal saline. 5 ml of blood samples were drown from the heart puncture at 3, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after administration of paraquate, respectively.
Serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were analyzed, and electrophoretic patterns of serum protein and lipoprotein were also studied.
The following results were obtained.
1. In all groups during experimental periods, the serum total protein and albumin levels were in 93% to 103%, 90% to 105%, respectively, compared to the controlgroup(100%), and showed no significant changes.
2. Serum cholesterol level was increased to 165% compared with its control value at 3 hours after intoxication in Group Ⅰ, and reached its highest level of 232% at 48 hours, and decreased to 185% at 72 hours. In group Ⅱ to Ⅴ, the serum cholesterol levels were continuously increased according to the doses and lapse of time, and reached its highest level of 230% to 374% at 72 hours.
3. Serum triglyceride levels were increased to 104 to 231% according to doses at 3 hours after intoxication. In group Ⅰand Ⅱ, the serum triglyceride reached its highest level of 149% and 167%, respectively, at 48 hours after intoxication. In group Ⅴ, the serum triglyceride reached its highest level after 12 hours of intoxication. In group Ⅲ and Ⅳ, the serum levels were continuously increased.
4. Serum protein electrophoretic patterns showed no significant changes in all groups.
5. In electrophoretic patterns of serum lipoprotein, alpha fractions were decreased to 69% to 95% at 3 hours after intoxication, and continuously decreased to 39% to 60% at 72 hours after intoxication in all experimental groups. Pre-beta fractions were varied from 46% to 156%. Beta fractions were increased to 107% to 121% in all experimental groups at 3 hours after intoxication and continuously increased to 1275 to 156% at 72 hours after intoxication. Chylomicron fractions were not detected in all groups.
In conclusion, hepatic parenchymal injury was indicated by a elevation of the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The alpha fraction of lipoprotein was continuously decreased and the beta fraction of lipoprotein was continuously increased according to the intoxicated amount of paraquat and the lapse of time. Otherwise, serum total protein and albumin levels, the electrophoretic patterns of protein showed no significant changes. Therefore, the measurement of cholesterol, triglyceride and the changes of the alpha and beta fractions of lipoprotein could be used as a guide of indirect estimation of the amount of intoxicated paraquat in hepatic damage.
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